Annotated bibliography cards
Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Marketing Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3
Advertising Management - Assignment Example The component of mental self portrait is incorporated among numerous individual properties like observations and perspectives, just as numerous others that impact an individualââ¬â¢s dynamic procedure. The component of mental self portrait can be named as an exceptionally solid indicator of purchaser decisions. Numerous shoppers settle on decisions dependent on their own wants notwithstanding having other social elements affecting their purchasing choices (Aghdaie and Khatami 134). A customer will buy items that they feel furnish them with esteem for cash dependent on their impression of self, making mental self view an indicator of shopper buying conduct. The shopper showcase for portfolios would be for the most part centered around considering the reasons why the market is associated with buying satchels. This would include the thought of the people associated with leading the immediate acquisition of portfolios. It would be basic for the advertisers to comprehend the occasions when the items are purchased the most so as to utilize this period for boosting deals. In the wake of deciding these basic factors the advertisers can concentrate on conveying the attachés to outlets that have possibilities of selling satchels. Aghdaie, Seyed Fathollah Amiri, and Farhad Khatami. ââ¬Å"Investigating the Role of Self Confidence and Self-Image Proportion in Consumer Behavior.â⬠International Journal of Marketing Studies 6.4 (2014): 133ââ¬143.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Research Ethics for Social Scientists: Between Ethical Conduct and Regulatory Essay
For this situation, the inquiries of when specialists may conceivably feel that they had an obligation to secure research subjects alongside what they can do when confronted with criminal conduct are tended to (191). The observers for this situation included ted Palys, john Lowman, Monique imprints and Dick Hobbs. On the topic of interceding on the brutality frequencies, Dick Hobbs calls attention to that mediating would be counterproductive however since savagery is both emotive and enchanting to men interceding would be because of individual relations with one of the warriors yet not based on social equity (192). All the reporters were mindful of interceding on the grounds that they dreaded it would adjust the conduct which they were considering. In any case, aside from Dick Hobbs the rest accepted that it was significant to report the occurrence in the event that somebody got truly harmed. On the issue of uncovering the data they accumulated in the field some proposed they would do as such (Palys and Lowman), others (Dick Hobbs and Marks) contended that they would not since the data was intended for scholarly purposes just and affirming would raise look into profile and make it difficult to play out another examination on comparative destinations (193). All the observers concurred that the wellspring of subsidizing would not influence their choices to intercede and affirm. Nonetheless, Marks and Hobbs exceptionally censured the endeavors of guiding researchersââ¬â¢ reactions to moral issues since their choices in the field were not administered by formal codes, yet were fairly situational and reactions can't be resolved outside the field (194, 195). à â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Conclusion This perusing shows that in spite of the fact that it may not be their obligation, social specialists in criminal examination have an obligation to ensure the respondents particularly when somebody may get harmed in the procedures. They ought to do as such by detailing such rates and affirm upon what occurred for the reasons for social equity. References Imprint, I. (2006). Contextual analysis 2. Research morals for social researchers: between moral direct and à â â â administrative consistence. Sage distributions, London. Ã
Tuesday, August 11, 2020
Pre-Employment Credit Checks What are They and Whats On Them
Pre-Employment Credit Checks What are They and Whats On Them Pre-Employment Credit Checks: What are They and Whats On Them? Pre-Employment Credit Checks: What are They and Whats On Them?Employers can and do run pre-employment credit checks as a part of your application process, but they need your permission to do so.Getting a better paying job can be a good step towards improving your credit score. With more money, youâll have a better chance of paying off your debt and keeping up with your bills going forward. But could a pre-employment credit check when you have poor credit hurt your chances of getting a new job in the first place?For that matter, can potential employers even see your credit score? And will they use it as a factor when considering whether or not to offer you the job? We spoke to the experts to find out the answers to this pressing job interview inquiry. Pre-employment credit checks will pull your credit report.So, if an employer runs a pre-employment credit check, will they be able to see your credit score?Hereâs what nationally recognized credit expert Jeanne Kelly told us: âa prospective employer might want to pull your credit report. They do not get your credit score, just a report.ââA credit check is a record of a personâs credit-to-debt ratio and shows how someone has managed credit and bill payments in the past and is one of the pre-employment searches a company can run before deciding whether to hire someone,â explained Elizabeth McLean, an FCRA compliance attorney for GoodHire. âIt is important to note that the employer can view the personâs credit history, but not their credit score.âSome poor decisions can be found without a credit check.And what sort of things might an employer find when they look into your credit history? Unfortunately, they might not always be good.âWhile employers may not be able to check your actual credit score, bankruptcies, and other financial headlines that are published online will surface if a potential employer digs into your search profile,â warned Jonas Sickler, marketing director for ReputationMan agement.com. âIf a hiring manager, client, or business partner searches your name and discovers an unsavory financial reputation, they could make assumptions about your character and judgment.âBut while it is possible for potential employers to run a pre-employment credit check, is it actually likely?Pre-employment credit checks require your permission.First of all, itâs important to know that your employer canât just check your credit report without your knowledge and consent, so you wonât be taken by total surprise, at least.âEmployers may only check your credit reports with your expressed written consent,â advised Michelle Black, credit expert and president at www.HOPE4USA.com. âOf course, keep in mind that if you withhold your consent you are not likely to get hired either.âMcLean expanded on when and where potential employers can take your credit into consideration: âThe FCRA mandates that the employer get written consent to run a credit check first, and if they decide not to hire someone based on information they find in the credit check, the employer must notify the person in writing and give the person an opportunity to explain what was found on the report. There are additional state and local prohibitions regulating the use of credit history in hiring decisions. Roughly a dozen states restrict the use of credit history in hiring, and a handful of cities also have similar restrictions in place.âThese credit checks are more common in certain industries.As far as how likely your credit is to impact your chance at getting hired, it depends.âSome employers will pass over an applicant due to problems on a credit report, especially within certain industries,â Black outlined. âAdditionally, if you and another applicant are equally qualified for a position a great credit report might make you stand out among the competition. Negative marks on your credit reports do unfortunately have the potential to cost you a job.âAnd what are t he sorts of industries Black is alluding to? Financial, mainly. As McLean said: âCompanies that run a pre-employment credit check are typically hiring for positions in the financial services industry where the employee would manage money, or has access to money on a daily basis.âSo now you know thereâs a chance your credit score will impact your odds of getting the job. How can you mitigate the possibility of bad credit impacting your hiring prospects?Bad credit can be an obstacle, but its rarely a deal breaker.Even if you have bad credit, that doesnât mean you automatically have to give up on a job you want that will be taking it into consideration. Fortunately, Ketan Kapoor, CEO co-founder Mettl, offered us a guide to managing the job application process when you have less than ideal credit:âThe fear of rejection is quite natural, when you are already obsessing over a poor credit score killing your hiring chances. Remember that even if a credit check is in place, that wonât get precedence over the skills you have. When organizations are looking to fill urgent positions, wherein they require someone to take over as soon as possible, the credit score agenda takes a backseat. So, simply focus on highlighting your skills or experience and be your best version during the interviewâEven if you have a bad credit score, most organizations provide a chance to explain the reasons along with a detailed plan to overcome the problem. So, your job is to convince the recruiter or the HR that you are working for a fix and are expecting an improvement quite soon. Come up with a detailed answer about your finances and record positive changes before appearing for any interview. Reiterating the first strategy, try to keep your focus limited to the skills that they are currently looking for and boost your past academic and professional achievements. All of this can help in masking your bad credit score and nailing the job offer.Your new job can also be a fresh st art.âAlthough the fact goes without saying, there canât be a more opportune time to start fixing your bad credit. Use the âhiring excuseâ to push yourself into establishing good financial habits for both your personal and professional good, rather than spending sleepless nights worrying about credit scores axing your hiring chances. Make a debt repayment plan, start a sizable financial fund every month and repeat the process until the results are evident in your credit history.âYou canât fix your credit score overnight, but it shouldnt be too hard to keep it from affecting your job prospects. And once you get that sweet new gig, youll have taken the first step to a better financial journey!To learn more about how a poor credit score can affect your life in unexpected ways, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:How Bad Credit Can Affect Your UtilitiesHow Much More Does it Cost to Live With Bad Credit?Can You Have Bad Credit Even With a Good Income?Has your bad credit score ever gotten in the way of you getting hired? We want to hear from you! You can email us or you can find us on Facebook and Twitter.ContributorsMichelle Black (@MichelleLBlack) is a credit expert and President at www.HOPE4USA.com, a credit education program located in the Charlotte, NC area. Ketan Kapoor (@ketankapoor), CEO Co-Founder Mettl, was presented with the Economic Times 40 Under 40 Entrepreneurship Award in 2017, being named one of the top business leaders in the country. Mettl helps organizations make better people decisions with their suite of scientific tools for people evaluation.Jeanne Kelly (@creditscoop) is an author, speaker, and coach who educates people to achieve a higher credit score and understand credit reporting. #HealthyCredit is her motto. As the founder of The Kelly Group in 2000 and the author of The 90-Day Credit Challenge, Jeanne Kelly is a nationally recognized authority on credit consulting and credit score improvem ent.Elizabeth McLean is an attorney and FCRA compliance analyst for GoodHire (@goodhiretweets), an employment screening company. She follows new legislation and court decisions and advises the company on processes that follow compliance best practices. A graduate of the University of North Carolina School of Law with Honors, she also holds an Advanced FCRA certification from the National Association of Professional Background Screeners.Jonas Sickler is responsible for building and executing the digital marketing strategy at ReputationManagement.com (@repmgmt_com). The broad scope of his role encompasses strategic content creation, web analytics, and developing and deploying targeted digital campaigns from concept to completion.
Saturday, May 23, 2020
Mosque And The Tower Of The Mosque - 836 Words
Mosques are found all over the world. In addition to worship, mosques can be used for education and information. A main feature of the mosque is the domed roof. The domed roof has two functions: it is positioned over the prayer hall to allow the air to circulate and it helps to amplify the voice of the imam so he can be heard by everyone in the mosque. The star and crescent is also a major feature because it is the symbol of Islam and is the only external way to show that the building is a mosque. The architecture of the mosque depends on when the mosque was built. For example, in medieval times, mosques had a large open courtyard at the entrance and a hole in the wall of the prayer hall to show the direction of Mecca. In Baghdad, the hole would be to the west; but in Jerusalem, the hole would be to the south. Many mosques have minarets, which are tall towers and are found usually in the corners of the mosque. Minarets are used for the call to prayer, azan. Before entering the mosque, worshippers perform wudu, [which is the washing of the hands, arms, feet, ankles, head and neck]. Even if visitors are not there to pray, shoes are not allowed in the carpeted area. Men are supposed to come to the mosque wearing loose and clean clothes that donââ¬â¢t show the shape of the body. It is the same for women as they are expected to wear loose clothing that cover the body to the wrists and ankles. When praying, the worshippers cover their heads with a cap or scarf. The prayerShow MoreRelatedA Comparison Of The Great Mosque Of Cordoba And Cathedral Of Santa Maria1249 Words à |à 5 Pages A COMPARISON OF THE GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA AND CATHEDRAL OF SANTA MARIA, LEON Yvette Cordova ARTH 306: Medieval Art March 10, 2015 The Great Mosque of Cordoba is an Islamic house of worship in Spain. The facade of the building is boxlike, grey and has a rectangular plan. 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Also I will mention the belief systems such as, does a sacredRead MoreMuslim Prejudice in Modern Youth Society Essay1042 Words à |à 5 PagesEver since the attacks on the Twin Towers, Islamic prejudice has been on the rise. A study by the Associated Press reveals that Islamic prejudice is more common now than in the 1980ââ¬â¢s or 1990ââ¬â¢s. The same study also shows that roughly 700 Arab related hate crimes had been executed in the weeks after 9/11. The acts of the 9/11 attacks entirely changed the outlook non-Islamic Americans have about Islamic Americans, foreign Muslims, and any Arabs of the kind. The American government needs to extinguishRead MoreThe Ground Zero Mosque: An Insult to America Essay1040 Words à |à 5 Pagesonce more a resurfacing issue. On this horrendous date in time, Islamic terrorists hijacked a pair of commercial airplanes and flew them into the Twin Towers, murdering thousands and causing millions in damage. 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Dante, however, regarded Islam and Muslims as odious because he saw them as a real threat to Europe as well as a rival religion to Christianity. Therefore, in the Divine Comedy, he placed five prominent figures and the Mosques in Hell. Because of such pitiless treatment, Dante is an Islamophobic. Islamophobia is the hatred for Muslims because of their religion and beliefs. In Danteââ¬â¢s Inferno, particularly in (Cantos IV, VIII, and XXVIII), he offends Muslims and Islam.Read More Mezquita De Cà ³rdoba in Southern Spain797 Words à |à 3 PagesMezquita De Cà ³rdoba The Mosque-Cathedral of Cà ³rdoba represents the many cultural changes the city of Cà ³rdoba and the areas around it have gone through. It has stood in the center of the city for over a millennium, and it doesnââ¬â¢t look like it will fall anytime soon. It covers over 24,000 square meters (about 250,000 square feet), and is 9 meters tall at its lowest and 30 meters tall at its highest. The Cathedral of Cà ³rdoba is officially called The Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption, but it wasRead MoreHistory of the Mosque-Cathedral of Cà ³rdoba1014 Words à |à 4 Pagesdescribe the Great Mosque of Cà ³rdoba. The Mosque is also known as the Mezquita, the Mosque-Cathedral of Cà ³rdoba, or the Cathedral of the Assumption of Our Lady. The mosque is considered one of the monumental jewels of Islamic civilization. In addition, it is one of the largest mosques in the entire world measuring about 24,000 square meters. The mosque was not all built at once, its construction lasted from 784 AD to 987 AD. First, Emir Abd ar-RahmanI began the construction of the mosque in the year 784
Tuesday, May 12, 2020
History Of Intermodal Containers And The World Trade Commerce
History of Intermodal Containers For a very long time people have been trading goods with each other within their city, out of their city, and even across borders and oceans. As technology has advanced, so has different modes of transportation to make it easier for people to get their products that they need while shipping out products to other people. The world that we live in is a great big place and in order for us humans to survive and grow we need ways to reach out to other people and communicate the things that we need to do that. What I m going to be talking about is the history of intermodal containers and how they play a big role in the world trade commerce. It all started with a man that goes by Malcolm McLean who was born in 1913 in Maxton, North Carolina. Malcolm started out by pumping gas at a local gas station to where he saved up enough money to buy him a truck. From there he created McLean Trucking company, involving his own family members and as Malcolm as one of the drivers they hauled empty tobacco barrels as their first cargo. Since his only pick-up truck in 1934 to 1770 trucks and 32 terminals in 1956, McLean Trucking became the second largest trucking company in the United States, and the first trucking company to appear on the stock exchange. Though all of his success early on, Malcolm sold his interest in his company and wanted to try something different. The idea of transporting trucks on ships during World War II was around but MalcolmShow MoreRelatedDevelopment in Transportation3732 Words à |à 15 PagesMakran Coastal Highway was an ancient road within Pakistan. Now its a major road leading to the city of Gwadar.The first methods of road transport were horses, oxen or even humans carrying goods over dirt tracks that often followed game trails. As commerce increased, the tracks were often flattened or widened to accommodate the activities. Later, the travois, a frame used to drag loads, was developed. The wheel came still later, probably preceded by the us e of logs as rollers. With the advent of theRead MoreSupply Chain Management - JCPenney5096 Words à |à 21 Pageseach specialize in different aspects of transportation and logistics. APL is a global top-10 container transportation company, providing services to more than 140 countries through a network combining world-class intermodal operations with leading-edge IT and e-commerce. APL provides customers around the world with container transportation services through a network combining high-quality intermodal operations with state-ofthe-art information technology. APL is a wholly owned subsidiary of Singapore-basedRead MoreThe Department Of Homeland Security3566 Words à |à 15 PagesIntroduction The 9-11 incident shocked the world. People remember the picture of 911 as clearly as they remember yesterday, even though it has been 14 years ago. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and its many partners across the federal government, public and private organizations, and communities across the country have worked since 9/11 to build a new homeland security enterprise to better decrease and defend against dynamic threats, minimize risks, and maximize the ability to respond andRead MoreThe Box4424 Words à |à 18 PagesSummary ââ¬â ââ¬Å"The Boxâ⬠, by Marc Levinson. Princeton 2006 Marc Levinson brings together in his book ââ¬Å"The Boxâ⬠, How The Shipping Container Made The World Smaller And the World Economy Bigger, a history in unitised freight handling in its birthplace, and shares with us an education in obsession, innovation, and invention. He describes through his main character, Malcom McLean, how to do business by integrating shipper, transporter, and customer in controlled logistics/ in a smooth supply chain. FurtherRead MoreTransport2638 Words à |à 11 Pagespeople, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railwayRead MoreFedex vs Ups26352 Words à |à 106 PagesFEDEX VS UPS In today s fast moving world delivery of packages, parcels, documents, goods in a timely and guaranteed manner is of absolute importance. With the fast moving trend of online businesses, auctions etc., the need for fast and reliable package delivery is growing. The logistics industry has received globally, a lot of publicity regarding the industry s attitudes on, and actions in, corporate responsibility issues. The different stakeholder groups are interested in the logistics industryRead MoreContainerization and New South Wales Essay5336 Words à |à 22 Pagescalled earlier to hear Tianââ¬â¢s assessment of a potential acquisition. ââ¬Å"This could be the biggest turning point in Meliââ¬â¢s history,â⬠Chang had said. ââ¬Å"Are we ready to become a global player?â⬠Tian had to admit that he had not yet reached a conclusion. The acquisition under consideration was of the vessel assets of an indirect competitor, Teeh-Sah Holdings. Tee-Sah operated a container carrier business in the trans-Pacific, Asia-to-North America shipping lanes. It had announced in late 2007 that it wouldRead MoreThe Importance of Logistics Management3316 Words à |à 14 PagesLogistics Management In the Second World War logistics also played an integral role. The allied forcesââ¬â¢ invasion of Europe was a highly skilled exercise in logistics, However while the Generals and Field Marshals from the earliest times have understood the critical of logistics, strangely it is only in the recent history that business organizations have come to recognize the vital impact that logistics management can play in gaining a competitive advantage (Christopher 1992). However, we must askRead MoreDoing Business in Curacao Essay14368 Words à |à 58 PagesPreface With the recent advances in technology our world has become one interlinked group of nations. Curaà §ao, being a small part of our globe offers many opportunities for multinational investors. This guide was prepared to better acquaint potential investors with the business climate in Curaà §ao. The information contained in the following pages was comprised through the mutual efforts of many people in vital sectors of the economy. Their effort in making this guide as concise as possible is appreciatedRead MoreWhat Is Logistics23868 Words à |à 96 PagesWhat is logistics? www.logisticsworld.com/logistics.htm Copyright à © 1995-2009 LogisticsWorld. All rights reserved.à webmaster@logisticsworld.comà LogisticsWorld |Welcome to the world of logistics... | |Logistics World is a directory of logistics resources on the internet. Find logistics companies, logistics providers, supply chain | |consultants, supply chain management, freight forwarders
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Original Writing Coursework â⬠My Typical Work Experience Day Free Essays
My first day of Work Experience began on 30th June, 2008. I woke up on that morning at 7am, feeling nervous and excited at the same time. My room was quite messy when I got up. We will write a custom essay sample on Original Writing Coursework ââ¬â My Typical Work Experience Day or any similar topic only for you Order Now I got out of bed, tidied up my bed and room, and went for my early morning shower. The shower was relaxing and refreshing as I stood under it and gathered my thoughts. It was a cool, windy day. I like windy days at times: It eases my nervousness and builds up excitement: at long last it was the much awaited first day at work. Soon enough, I was dressed. I took time as I did not know what to wear since I wanted to make a good impression on my first day at work. I was not wearing my school uniform (which I was used to wearing without thinking! ). I needed to be creative! Creativity first thing in the morning was not something I was used to! After throwing a few shirts and trousers randomly on my bed, I finally picked up a dark blue shirt with a pair of light blue trousers: blue being my favourite and lucky colour and of course socks which complimented my shoes. I think I looked reasonable: not too formal, not too casual: casual smart as the saying goes! I had cereal and waited anxiously for the bus. I became too anxious as I gave worried glances at the clock. The bus normally comes to pick me up at 7:50am. When 7:50am came and went, I panicked. I thought the bus wouldnââ¬â¢t come. I did not wish to be late on my first day for work experience! It never gives a good impression, I had heard somewhere! It was a relief when at 8:10am the bus indeed came to pick me up. The journey from my home to school was calm and pleasant. The bus went through the busy and crowded Northern Approach motorway into the greenery, peaceful and lovely Victoria Park filled with trees, lakes and small cafes and benches. As I was going to school, I have been thinking about what it would feel to have a real job once my education was complete. I suddenly thought about the future. I did not know what job I will have in the future but I know what I will be working on: either in the Science industry or in the ICT industry. I had also, partly, been thinking what to do during the Summer Holidays, as it was getting nearer by the hour and in what way I could make use of this time which may be useful in my future career. I finally reached my workplace, which incidentally, was my own school. The school, where I was working, was called Oaklands and it was an international secondary school with many international students and staff. Oaklands is situated in Old Bethnal Green Road in Bethnal Green. As there are two buildings in the school, there was a long, green and white bridge which connected these buildings. One building is an old one and the other, recently built. It was very colourful and clean inside the building: many international flags were put up to make the students feel at ease in school. There were about 600 students and about 60 or 70 staff in the school that was supposed to be my work place for a week. The reception area is usually quiet as there are not many people coming to reception everyday. Angelaââ¬â¢s office is situated at the back of the main reception beside the waiting area. I reached my office and saw my supervisor, Angela. The office was quite disorganised as there were post-it notes, pictures and files all over the place. The room was as small as a pigeon hole: it could only fit two or three people. It gets crowded when more than three people come in. It was cold inside as there was an Air Conditioner on. Normally I would come to school as a student by 8:45am but I reached my workplace quite later than usual, at around 9:30am, as a member of staff at Oaklands School. Angela normally comes around 10am ââ¬â 10:30am, but she came early at around 9:30am on that day to help me settle on the first day of work. We signed the work experience contract which was kept in my Work Experience record book. I had to bring the book every single day to work. Apart from signing the Work Experience contract, I had to fill in pages of records which were about how your first day went and how your other days went and what you had to do during the week. After the initial paperwork, I began my first day at work. Most of the time during Work Experience, I had to work on a computer to work on the schoolââ¬â¢s newsletter, the Oak, updating and editing as I went along. Using Microsoft Publisher and Word, I started to add some pictures and notes on to the schoolââ¬â¢s newsletter. Staff came by and went to check on Angela and me. Staff also checked on my progress with the newsletter, complimented my work and told me to keep going, which was encouraging. I was asked to take pictures and take small interviews about the new Year 7ââ¬â¢s joining Oaklands. When I was asked, I was frozen as ice. At home, I tried my hand on cameras and often ended up taking fuzzy pictures. Being asked to take photographs at work was a totally different ball game and I never really expected that. I declined the project because I felt that I needed more practice on taking photographs. My hands moved constantly and that is certainly not a good sign for a professional photographer! I wondered whether my declining would adversely affect the impression of my supervisor about my confidence level in trying or attempting something of a challenge. But then I thought that I would rather say yes to something that I felt comfortable in doing, especially on my first day at work. Angela had to label the envelopes for the letters she was going to send. I helped her labelling the envelopes which took a while (it took roughly about an hour to complete it) but I managed to finish it on time. I then had to go to the staff office to get the envelopes franked with First-Class postage. Later, I helped Angela out with cutting our school yearââ¬â¢s pictures and sticking them for the staff that needed them. There were about 120 students in our year. That also took a while to complete. The morning was almost over. It taught me already that tasks needed to be prioritised, tasks needed to be completed on time and with concentration. There was no time to be wasted or for fooling around. It was a professional atmosphere and one needed to be professional. Finally, I had my lunch at school. Usually I have lunch at home since I do half-day schools but by the time I finished the day, I was so hungry, I decided to have a big lunch that would fill my appetite. I could smell all the good food being cooked in the kitchen. I was feeling that I was getting distracted and perhaps it was a good idea to take a break or call it a day since I was supposed to do half days at work anyway. The food looked colourful and matched my instant imagination! The cafeteria was crowded because many students and staff (not just me), were starving. It was funny to think of myself as staff! I noticed that there had been changes in the cafeteria since the last time I was there. Near the windows, there are high seats and tables around the room thereby adding more seats. There is now a tray clearer in the cafeteria where we can put our finished lunches. I looked at the place and it all seemed different than usual! Perhaps it was because I was there not as a student but as an employee for the week. On my journey back home that day, I was immersed in thoughts: I always wondered how professionals have worked on their first day of their career whether in the corporate world, legal world, medical world, creative world or in the world of academia. I wondered how, after education and training, when a person finally becomes a professional, how does he or she feel on their first assignment or first piece of work or first day at work. When I look back at my Work Experience and think about these professionals, I can somewhat get a glimpse of the level of excitement and anticipation they must feel on their first day! I also think that one can only excel and do well in any field provided one is interested to learn and is dedicated to explore the subjects that are close to ones heart. For me a journey had started. I had a long way to go. How to cite Original Writing Coursework ââ¬â My Typical Work Experience Day, Papers
Sunday, May 3, 2020
Pre and Post Operative Management of ORIF for Orthopaedics
Question: Discuss about thePre and Post Operative Management of ORIF for Orthopaedics. Answer: Introduction: One of the most complicated surgeries belonging to the sector of the orthopaedics is considered to be the open reduction internal fixation. Internal fixation can be defined as an orthopaedic operation that involves a surgical implant procedure that serves the purpose of repairing bone fractures. Internal fixation is a surgical phenomenon that can be aged back to the late 19th centuries, it has advanced considerably. There are different variations of internal fixation surgeries available nowadays. One of the most common and most abundantly used variations is the open reduction internal fixation surgery or ORIF (Assal, Ray Stern, 2015). Open reduction internal fixation surgery is nothing but a open surgery to set not just place the implant but also set the bone in the right alignment with it; which is required in case of some fractures, such as displaced fracture or comminuted fractures. However, the entire surgical procedure is meticulous and precise, involving intricate steps and hence, there are various risk factors associated with it as well like infection, loss of mobility range, mal-union, muscular damage, bacterial colonization of the bone, and many more. Hence a specialized and well articulated patient centred preoperative and post operative management is an absolute prerequisite for a successful ORIF surgery (Backes et al., 2014). This assignment will focus on stringing together an apt pre operative and post operative management plan for a patient undergoing ORIF surgery taking the example of a case study; the case study represents a condition where the patient is in need for a ORIF in the right tibia and fibula due to a motor bike crash. Pre-operative management: The open reduction internal fixation surgery utilizes different equipments and interventions and is undoubtedly a very complex and there are several precautionary measures that are needed to be taken while preparing a patient for the surgery. The very first and foremost consideration in case of any treatment procedure is patient education and obtaining consent from the patient. Hence, the patient will be required to be informed about the entire procedure, the medication used, the implant used, the precaution, and the possible side effects of the ORIF surgery. Along with that, the legal framework for safe and patient centred care would also require taking informed consent from the patient or any member of the family before proceeding with the surgical procedures (Basques et al., 2015). Followed by that, a few preoperative tests will need to be performed in order to check the suitability of the patient before going forward with the surgery, so that there is no probable risk for any perioperative complication or mortality. Firstly the risk for cardiac arrest during a complicated surgery is the highest; hence a few tests will need to be performed like BUN/Cr, CXR, and EKG. Along with that, the possibility of the patient haemophilia, renal or hepatitic diseases will also need to be tested that can increase the risk of patient succumbing to pulmonary complicatiosn or other perioperative mortalities (Chalmers et al., 2014). The radiographic imaging or CT scan of the fractured right tibia and fibula will also be required to check the exact position and severity of the broken bones. In case of the medication needed as a part of preoperative management and preparation of the patient, a few perioperative antibiotics will need to be administered such as Cefazolin or Cefuroxim in order to avoid the chances of the patient acquiring surgical site infection or bacterial colonization of the bone during or after the surgery (Chen et al., 2014). Before the commencement of the surgery, the patient will need to be administered anaesthesia, either a general anaesthesia that will help the patient sleep though the entire surgical procedure. Or the patient can be administered a local anaesthesia, the choice of anaesthesia will depend entirely upon the severity of the fracture and past medical history of the patient. The wound site will also need to be cleaned aseptically, and the vital signs of the patient will need to be monitored throughout, specifically the heart rate and the blood pressure of the patient. It is very common for patients to feel anxious prior to a complicated surgery and that will be reflected as the high heart rate and blood pressure which can increase the risk for peri- operative complications like seizure, panic attack and myocardial infarction. Hence the patient needs to be made comfortable and relaxed, all the while being counselled throughout so that he is reassured and relaxed throughout the surgery. A mild relaxation medication can also be administered if the condition of the patient demands (Jiang et al., 2014). Post operative management: Open reduction internal fixation surgeries are undoubtedly one of the best options for treating communited fractures, however there are a myriad of post operative complication that follows an open reduction internal fixation surgery. Some example of the post operative complications include risk for infection, bacterial colonization of the bone, incision site bleeding, nerve damage, bone misalignment, restricted mobility, bone damage or skin irritation due implant material, and many more. Therefore, the need for adequate post operative management is crucial for speedy recovery for the patient (Leroux et al., 2014). In case of any surgery, pain management is one of the first course of action needed to be taken; it needs to be mentioned in this context that pain medication needs to be administered to the patient during the surgery and after the surgery as well. as the effects of these analgesics wear off within 8 to 12 hours, hence, in most cases the patients require the aid of narcotic pain medication, preferably for a short period of time. In case the patient feels more pain when the swelling peaks, administering narcotic pain medication like Percocet, Norco or Vicoden, administered for a small amount of time will help in better management of the pain. Although these pain medications have significant side effects like nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and constipation, hence these issues also need to be addressed while administering narcotic pain medication to the patient. In case of extreme pin and swelling periodic icing can also prove to be extremely helpful (Lin et al., 2014). Another very important element of post operative management can be considered the infection control, and there are a few steps of an optimal aseptic wound management, associated with it. Taking the wound care into consideration, after the surgery is completed, the wound needs to be covered with sterilized gauze and be placed inside a plaster splint. In case of excessive bleeding, the cast needs to be changed and the wound needs to be dressed again taking extreme caution to avoid contamination. In some cases the chances of blood clotting right after the surgery is seen, in such cases the patient will need to take a blood thinner for a short period of time right after the surgery (Smith, Stone Furey, 2016). Another complication that is frequently encountered in case of ORIF or any other surgical treatment for fracture is the misaligned regrowth of bones; in order to avoid the occurrence of a misaligned growth of bones for the patient under consideration in the assignment, a few intervention techniques can be implemented. For instance, early weight bearing can be one intervention technique that will help the casting for any incidence of delayed or late union. Another highly beneficial intervention technique can be the bone stimulation technique, which functions by delivering electromagnetic waves to stimulate bone alignment. There is some medication available for treating the mal- alignment or delayed alignment of the bone such as teriparatide, especially for the patent that have osteoporosis (van Dreumel et al., 2015). After a bone restructuring surgery, it is very common for the patient to experience mobility restriction, while the discomfort to some extent is physical; the fear to movement is the most contributing factor behind it. After 3-4 days of the surgery, the patient should be encouraged to elevate the operated leg to the chest whenever he is comfortable to decrease and retain mobility of the leg. As the patient continues to progress and the swelling is reduced the patent should be encouraged and assisted to walk as well, so that mobility restriction or anxiety does not develop. Lastly, diet is also a significant part of a post operative management, right after the surgery the patient might feel nauseated due to the side effects of the anaesthetics, in such cases the patient should remain on light, liquid diet. Slowly the patient should be moved to protein and mineral rich diet, and in order to boost elevated bone growth, food rich in calcium and vitamin D is preferred (Xia et al., 2014). Conclusion: On a concluding note, it can be said that the patient undergoing a internal fixation open reduction surgery will require a highly specialized and customized care plan. Hence the care planning and management must take into consideration all the specific factors related to the health of the patient and past medical complications. ORIF is a very common surgical intervention technique, which is opted in all situations where the patient suffers a communited fracture. And with proper pre and post operative management, this surgical intervention has proved to yield the best results for treatment of severe fractures. References: Assal, M., Ray, A., Stern, R. (2015). Strategies for surgical approaches in open reduction internal fixation of pilon fractures. Journal of orthopaedic trauma, 29(2), 69-79. Backes, M., Schepers, T., Beerekamp, M. S. H., Luitse, J. S., Goslings, J. C., Schep, N. W. (2014). Wound infections following open reduction and internal fixation of calcaneal fractures with an extended lateral approach. International orthopaedics, 38(4), 767-773. Basques, B. A., Miller, C. P., Golinvaux, N. S., Bohl, D. D., Grauer, J. N. (2015). Morbidity and readmission after open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures are associated with preoperative patient characteristics. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 473(3), 1133-1139. Chalmers, P. N., Slikker, W., Mall, N. A., Gupta, A. K., Rahman, Z., Enriquez, D., Nicholson, G. P. 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Open reduction and internal fixation with conventional plate via L-shaped lateral approach versus internal fixation with percutaneous plate via a sinus tarsi approach for calcaneal fracturesA randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Surgery, 12(5), 475-480.
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