A Study On Space And Time Media Essay

A Study On Space And Time Media Essay The ability of humans to create, change, adapt to and enhance their surroundings, their interactions, and their lifestyle has been an incredible feat throughout mankinds existence. Even ancient inventions such as the wheel or the discovery of fire have propelled humans forward, enabling them to build tremendous, continuously developing infrastructures throughout the world. With these ever-developing infrastructures in place, the rapidity of movement and communication has been constantly increasing. They have effectively shortened the time it takes to cross a certain distance. Time and space are the main factors of being; our movements, daily routines and interactions are entirely based around them. However, with technologies ranging from telegraphic communication to the internet and the mobile phone, time is, in some aspects of social live, not only being shortened but is becoming detached from space itself causing us to reconsider how time and space are actually related to each othe r. The concepts and parameters of time and space are particularly hard to define due to their complexity as Harvey (1989: p.203) states: â€Å"the objective qualities of physical time-space cannot be understood, therefore independently of the qualities of material processes.† We have learned to measure them and therefore have given them a basic characterization, so that there is a certain logical feeling to time and space, a sense of passive control. Without matter, time and space have no importance. Modern existence has revolved around understanding and ultimately decreasing time in order to shorten space. Due to mobility inventions starting with the horse cart and ending with the jet plane, the space we move backwards and forwards in has become compressed, while the measurements of space itself has not changed. Time was until the invention of the clock, hard to pin down. Obviously individuals were able to make out periods of a day (morning, midday, night), but there were no pro per time periods, no sense of timely organization. With the clock, society became more structured. Employees were allocated work hours, social meetings could be allocated to a specific hour in the day and a clear timely division between work time and recreational time was put in place. During the industrialisation and even nowadays, this time control has put an exact time structure for allocated movements in an allocated space. It allowed bureaucratic systems to emerge, with which control and structure was implemented into social live. The clocks effect is immense, possibly just like the internet is having an effect on society in post modern society. Space on the other hand is more straightforward for individuals to perceive. Harvey describes space in a social context as â€Å"‘stations (places where certain activities like working, shopping etc. occur) and ‘domains where certain social interactions prevail† (Harvey, 1989: p.211) However, defining space as station s and domains, could also be seen as an oversimplification of space itself. This definition, as Harvey even states himself â€Å"makes no attempt to understand why certain social relations dominate others, or how meaning gets assigned to places, spaces, history, and time.† (Harvey, 1989: p. 212) This simplification and Harveys contradiction to it, shows that there is more to space than just simple stations or domains. Space is not necessarily easily definable. Space and our perception of it are under constant fluctuation, causing us to observe different spaces different. There are private spaces, public spaces, restricted spaces, spaces controlled by a specific group of people. Time and space are intertwined with our social actions and social statuses. There are two important theories of how time and space relations are changing throughout modernity and post modernity; Giddenss time-space distanciation and Harveys idea of time-space compression. Giddens refers to a development â€Å"which tears space away from place by fostering relations between ‘absent others, locationally distant from any given situation of face-to-face interaction† (Giddens 1990, 18) as well as â€Å"lifting out of social relationships from local contexts of interaction and their restructuring across time and space† (Giddens 1990, 21). Giddens calls this disembedding. This means that time and space distance themselves from each other, furthermore we ourselves are lifted out of time and space in a social and communicative context. The need for a physical space to communicate is becoming less central. Harveys idea of time-space compression on the other hand touches upon the fact that with a globalising world, individuals who live in very dista nt places are able to experience the same things at the same time. In essence, this means that they live in the same space, having the same experiences during the same time period. Harvey thus points out that due to our constant development of new communication technologies; the space we move around in and the way we communicate, becomes compressed because we are able to cover the same distance in less time or in no time at all. Both of these two theories about rethinking time-space relations state the fact that information and communication technological advances are central to creating a world that in all places is synchronized. However, a completely electronically synchronised world is far from becoming an actual reality. How can time and space be understood in a postmodern era, where due to new media technologies time and space have changed? As stated earlier, communication changed due to the emergence of immediate communication. The telegraph has changed the idea and concepts of real time. There no longer was the need for oral communication in the same space, and written communication was replaced by the immediate communication technologies. Written communication, took long periods of time to move from sender to recipient, while the telegraph was able to overcome these time ‘gaps. Capitalism, with its need for ‘speeding up time to thus reducing space to increase production and consumption, media technologies, such as the telephone, television, the mobile phone and ultimately the internet have all caused the diminishment and perception of space further than the telegraph, and increased production and consumption due to its increased outreach without the hindrance of space. Space, as state d before plays an integral role in shaping society, and with it constantly being challenged by new emerging media and technologies, the way we see space changes. In a modern capitalist society, companies, who at first were only capable of reaching people in a confined space, are able to advertise and reach targeted consumers globally. A perfect example of a diminishing space rift is Coca Cola. Due to a globalising world, and the achievement of immediate worldwide communication, they were able to market their product worldwide, produce it worldwide. We no longer perceive a person that lives halfway across the globe unreachable. We are able to communicate with them instantly with the new media mediums being put to use. A good example of this are the call centres based in India, who do not actually cater to the Indian public, but to the British, who often are not even aware of the fact that they are making a call across the globe. This is evidently a space and time reduction. â€Å"Sp ace appears to shrink to a ‘global village of telecommunications and a ‘spaceship earth of economic and ecological interdependencies† (Harvey, 1989: p.240) The more technological advances occur, the more are needed, thus the rate at which they are researched and put to use gradually increases, which also in turn causes time to speed up at the same rate. The capitalistic need of ‘instant noodle products constantly advances. Ultimately the internet, since its emergence has become an extension of our space, and a shortcut through time. The internet has replaced post mail, bulletin boards, shopping catalogues, libraries, video rentals, etc. It has not only replaced all these, it has reduced the time needed to access them and use them. Modern communication has become time based rather than space based. With mobile phones, instant messaging and social networking sites, we no longer have the need for space for communication. Our communication has made space, in a social context, physically redundant. In premodern society on the other hand, the need for space was vital for communication, due to the lack of communication technologies. Space and time in that case were equally important. Here it must be understood, that space itself is a hurdle that has to be overcome in order for human interaction to take place. Surveillance and new media technologies are closely interlinked. This idea touches upon Foucaults panopticon, where prisoners, workers, schoolchildren etc. are able to be watched and surveyed from a single point. The idea of this social control has taken a new turn. Society can now be under constant observance, CCTVs and other monitoring devices can be installed anywhere in a country or even abroad, and can be immediately be viewed hundreds of kilometres away. Thus the idea of social control in coordination with time and space has changed as well. Are the virtual spaces that we have created the same space as we occupy? Considering that these virtual spaces are not actually physical. We know that the space we occupy physically exists, because of our ability to sense (hearing, smell, touch, sight and taste). Social movements and interaction, has until recently been entirely confined to this ‘space. With the emergence of the electronic virtual space, we have created a dimension which we cannot touch or smell. However, we are able to see and hear it. We are able to use this virtual space from the space that we occupy. We create avatars, to represent ourselves in this virtual space. Or is this virtual space, actually part of our space? Has it caused us to understand time and space differently? While we cannot be physically present on the internet, we have used it to extend and at the same time change our social space. The internet, as well as other electronic media, changes our social surroundings. We no longer have to meet a friend, colleague or family member in a physical space; due to the internet we have the ability to not change our spatial location, but can simply contact them via social networking sites, instant messaging software or other internet or telecommunication based means. Furthermore, touching upon capitalism again, in reference to the internet, consumption is changing. The internet enables us to shop, without moving further than our doorstep to pick up a parcel delivery. We can order any item imaginable, ranging from groceries to electronics to cars to land. We can buy them directly from retailers or take part in auctions on eBay. Giddens asks the question â€Å"Why is the separation of time and space so crucial to the extreme dynamism of modernity?†(Giddens, 1990: p.20) Giddens then proceeds to answer the question and argues that the separation of time and space is the â€Å"prime condition of disembedding† (Giddens, 1990:p.20). Disembedding is not only the removal of individuals from the boundaries of time and space, but also the disembedding of entire institutions. This shows that time-space distanciation happens on a much larger scale. It is not only the communication between single individuals, but the communication of entire companies, institutions, and even entire countries. The disembedding that Giddens mentions, is the product of new media technologies. Furthermore, this affects the basis of contemporary social life. The societies we live in nowadays are highly globalised. This is not only due to the fact that people of different origins live in the same country, but that people can by t he click of a button, order products, programs, or receive information on and from any other country. The relations between time and space, has definitely changed with every communicative technology. Due to new media technologies such as the internet and the mobile phone, we are now able to communicate without having to be in a designated space. We can be in the most public of places, yet be able to talk to someone that was not even in that area. The internet allows us to receive information, communicate with literally anyone instantly, no matter where they are without having to be physically present. It has enabled the emergence of multinational corporations, the intertwining of cultures. Time and spaces relation however, has always been under constant change and will continue to change with every technological advancement we make.

Little Miss Sunshine Film Review Essay

Little Miss Sunshine is a film about how families are always there for each other no matter how dysfunctional their family may be. Released in July of 2006, the film is directed by a husband and wife team, Jonathan Dayton and Vanessa Faris. The directors do a terrific job of keeping their audience engaged and amused throughout the film. The main character of the movie is a young seven year old girl named Olive Hoover, played by Abigail Breslin. Olive has always had a dream of being in a beauty pageant. One day her dream came true, when she was accepted into a beauty pageant in California. Due to certain situations in the family, all family members are forced to indulge on this journey to California with Olive. Having completely different personalities, each family member creates comical conflicts between characters. From this story of family bonds, viewers will realize as long as you strive for something you truly love, your family will be behind you whether you win or lose. The fami ly of Olive has many different quirks, from drug attics to suicidal members, nothing seemed right in Olive’s mind. Richard and Sheryl are the parents of Olive. Putting together s nine step plan to success, Richard thinks he is a brilliant. His family members and others around him consider him a complete loser. Frank, Sheryl’s brother is going through depression and suicidal thoughts due to a recent break up with his former boyfriend. Being forced to live with a family member who can watch over him, Frank has to stay in Paul’s room, Olive’s brother. Paul decided that being a jet pilot for the Nietzsche is the only thing he wants in life, everything else is absolutely stupid. For over a year he hasn’t spoken one word, using pen and paper to communicate with the outside world. This dysfunctional family would begin embarking on a cross country adventure that will change their lives forever. In Little Miss Sunshine, the film helps render the themes of family bonding in a dysfunctional way. Techniques in any movie are very important for a director to produce. One technique in this film is instead of using multiple themes in the film, the dominate theme is family. In many other films, viewers are introduced not only to the main characters, but also introduced to numerous side characters. Dayton and Faris do a very good job on only giving the main characters screen time, and no other side characters. This makes the viewer truly understand how the Hoovers work and bond together since there are no outside character. The whole dynamic of the film with the color, light, language and so forth gives the film a special painting in the viewer’s head. The lighting in the film is more granny than clear, giving off a sort of odd sense while watching the movie. Who would have thought pageants could be created into such a big deal for young girls. For Olive it was. All she could think about was standing on stage receiving that beautiful crown in front of a crowd of people. From the very beginning of the movie, the first scene is of Olive watching Miss America win in the U.S. pageant and being in awe of how she reacts. Her Grandpa, Edwin is the one person in her remote family she really looks up to and knows she can always ask him anything. He has been teaching her a solo performance for the pageant in California. Unlike most mature and wise grandparents, Edwin is a very perverted druggy, causing a bit of concern to Olive’s mother and father, since he, rather than a sensible adult, was the one coming up with a solo performance for Olive. Symbols in a movie are always very important because they are the effects that catch the viewer’s eyes. One example of a symbol in Little Miss Sunshine is the forty year old yellow volks wagon the family uses on their journey to California. However, the van definitely is a perfect match for the Hoover family. It matches how the family stands out because of their strangeness. The van also brings the family together. For instance, when one family member tries to start the van he has trouble, but once the whole family works together to start the van they have no trouble. The restaurant menu is also another symbol. On the road the family stops at a restaurant to grab a quick bite. Creating a big controversy when Olive states she wants to order ice cream with her pancakes, the family says how she should not have all that food since she is going into a pageant. The menu symbolizes America’s obsession with diets and weight. The final scene of the movie shows how families are willing to do anything while standing behind a family member. Olive’s performance turned into a very provocative dance. Instead of her dad going on stage to remove Olive from the pageant, he begins to dance with her. Then the rest of the family joins them on stage. Even though Olive lost the competition and was never allowed to come back to any pageant in the state of California, she didn’t care. She had a blast performing in her first pageant and she knew her family was proud of her. In the end, Olive was the one who brought her family together. She taught them that it doesn’t matter if you win or lose, the way you look or act, family is all you need. Little Miss Sunshine depicts numerous conclusions. Stand behind your family no matter how ridiculous they may seem. Who cares about what others think about you. Maybe you don’t have the skills someone else has or the looks but as long as you try you know you are a winner in your own heart no matter the outcome. Sometimes there really is sunshine on a cloudy day. Works Cited ~ â€Å"Little Miss Sunshine.† www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/little-miss-sunshine. Rich Barton, 18 Dec. 2006. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. ~ â€Å"Little Miss Sunshine.† http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0449059/. IMDB, 2006. Web. ~ â€Å"Random House Webst’s College Dictionary†; Random House New York; 1999

Youth problems

I believe that the graduate study would be able to help me achieve this dream This program . graduate study . uld help me become more develop and equip on the things that I want to learn that I can be able to use In my teaching career In the future . I believe that It is not sufficient to be a graduate of a normal school or college , or to stand high in the profession of teaching . Like the students , the teacher must grow , and this growth must be long lines both professional and general _ The teacher must have knowledge of educational movements and a familiarity with the progress in educational thought and research . Hence . ith the rogress In education literature and new educauon textbooks , and adopt the new Ideas that are sound that I can learn from the graduate school The zeal with which the teacher takes up and tests them in is one of the most helpful features of education work . The graduate school would help me become an earnest searcher and investigator in my own profession al field _ Thus , this program would develop my ability to create effective learning situation youth problems By bosya TermPaperWarehouse. com – Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents TheHome Page? » Social Issues Since childhood , it is my dream to be a teacher . It is the noblest Job in the world there are no teachers thus , the future of our nation lies on the teacher ‘s hands . This principle is inculcated in my mind and it motivates me to pursue this dream of profession I have chosen which is to be a good teacher someday because I want to to further my studies in education where I can be a competitive teacher and a role This program , graduate study , would help me become more develop and equip on he things that I want to learn that I can be able to use in my teaching career in the future .I believe that it is not sufficient to be a graduate of a normal school or general . The teacher must have knowledge of educational movements and a familiarity with th e progress in educational thought and research . Hence , with the progress in education literature and new education textbooks , and adopt the new ideas that are sound that I can learn from the graduate school The zeal with which and investigator in my own professional field . Thus , this program would develop my Youth problems I believe that the graduate study would be able to help me achieve this dream This program . graduate study . uld help me become more develop and equip on the things that I want to learn that I can be able to use In my teaching career In the future . I believe that It is not sufficient to be a graduate of a normal school or college , or to stand high in the profession of teaching . Like the students , the teacher must grow , and this growth must be long lines both professional and general _ The teacher must have knowledge of educational movements and a familiarity with the progress in educational thought and research . Hence . ith the rogress In education literature and new educauon textbooks , and adopt the new Ideas that are sound that I can learn from the graduate school The zeal with which the teacher takes up and tests them in is one of the most helpful features of education work . The graduate school would help me become an earnest searcher and investigator in my own profession al field _ Thus , this program would develop my ability to create effective learning situation youth problems By bosya TermPaperWarehouse. com – Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents TheHome Page? » Social Issues Since childhood , it is my dream to be a teacher . It is the noblest Job in the world there are no teachers thus , the future of our nation lies on the teacher ‘s hands . This principle is inculcated in my mind and it motivates me to pursue this dream of profession I have chosen which is to be a good teacher someday because I want to to further my studies in education where I can be a competitive teacher and a role This program , graduate study , would help me become more develop and equip on he things that I want to learn that I can be able to use in my teaching career in the future .I believe that it is not sufficient to be a graduate of a normal school or general . The teacher must have knowledge of educational movements and a familiarity with th e progress in educational thought and research . Hence , with the progress in education literature and new education textbooks , and adopt the new ideas that are sound that I can learn from the graduate school The zeal with which and investigator in my own professional field . Thus , this program would develop my

A Lesson Before Dying, by Ernest J. Gaines and None of...

Inequality was a big issue back then, when there was not a clear understanding of what it was. The novel â€Å"A Lesson Before Dying† by Ernest J. Gaines was set in 1948 before the Civil Right Movement. It shows the problems and successes of African-Americans. The short story â€Å"None of this is Fair† by Richard Rodriguez was about how Affirmative Action benefited the minority making it unfair for white students to succeed. In the novel, Grant is a black person and educated, he is different from the other black people that are supposed to work only on the field. In the short story Rodriguez was a Mexican-American student and during his time there was a program called Affirmative Action. This program was designed to help the minority groups get job†¦show more content†¦He wants to change that myth that black people were not good. On the other hand a Mexican-American during Affirmative Action time was taking advantage of society. During the affirmative action time being a minority was the beneficiary, thats how Rodriguez shows it. College at that time need to have diversity in order to complete their quota. As Rodriguez said â€Å"I would see other Mexican-American and know we were alike only in race.† (Page 81). What he means is that the only thing that they had in common was their race and nothing else. He knew that being a minority will help him and make his education possible. Grant felt helpless and frustrated. Jefferson was accused of a crime that he did not commit it. In their society, it would not matter if he did it or not, just because he was black and he was in the place of the crime where white people were killed he will be found guilty. It would be impossible for any lawyer to convince the judge that this black man was innocent of what he was accused. As Grant said â€Å"No, I did not go to the trial, I did not hear the verdict, because I knew all the time what it would be.† (Page 1) Everyone knew what will happen to Jefferson just for being in the wrong place at the wrong time. They did not look for any evidence and they did not need it because their society was about white power and any black person involved in a white person’s death will be guilty. However, Rodriguez was thankful forShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: