Micronutrient Study Guide Essay

Vitamin C1. Vitamin C is a essential vitamin for the synthesis of collagen, norepinephrine, and carnitine. Collagen is a crucial component in the structure of communication channel vessels, tendons, ligaments, and ivory. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter which is censorious for proper brain function. Carnitine is a small element that is essential for transporting fat into the mitochondria of cells to be later reborn into energy. Vitamin C is in addition utilise as a highly effective antioxidant to wait on protect pick out organs from the cause of free radicals and reactive oxygen.2. The approximately(prenominal) severe malady cerebrate to a insufficiency in vitamin C is scurvy. Symptoms of scurvy argon wakeful bruising/bleeding, hair and tooth loss, and pain and swelling of joints. These symptoms argon related to the deficiency of collagen which results in the weakening of blood vessels, connective tissues, and bones.3. Adequate brainchild of vitamin C atomic nu mber 50 help to prevent diseases such as coronary thrombosis heart disease, stroke, ignorecer, cataracts, gout, and toxicity from lead.4. For individuals with cardiovascular diseases, treatment that includes mundane vitamin C dosages of atleast 500mg per day has been shown to improve vasodilation. It also helps to augment vasodilation in individuals with diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood hug. Vitamin C has also been shown to be profitable in the treatment of cancer in terminal patients when administered intravenously.5. Vitamin C supplements argon useable in a wide word form of forms. Supplements can acquire in the form of rude(a) or synthetic L-ascorbic acid, mineral ascorbates, with or without bioflavonoids, metabolites, and ascorbyl palmitate.6. intimately studies that cede been conducted on high vitamin C inlet were based on invitro experiments. The outcomes included genetic mutations, line defects, cancer, atherosclerosis, kidney stones, nimiety iron abs orption, vitamin B12 deficiency, and dental enamal erosion.Folate/Folic sultry1. Folates atomic number 18 vitamins that naturally exists in our foods and in metabolousally active forms in our luggage com segmentment. Folic acid is the more than durable form that does not pass away frequently in food or our body. However, folic acid is the form that is about often used in supplements and fortififed food. Its functions include the metabolic process of one-carbon units, DNA, amino acids, vitamins B12 and B6.2. Deficiency of folate is usually caused by inadequte dietary consumption. Deficiency can also occur due to alcoholism, pregnancy, or certain medications. Not eat enough folate can lead to an extend of blood homocysteine levels. Inadequate supply of folate also leads to fewer and larger red blood cells macrocosm produced, which causes megaloblastic anemia to occur.3. Folates can be used to help prevent many things. It helps in the legal profession of pregnancy complicat ions, such as neural subway defects, heart defects, limb malformations, premature delivery, low give birth weight in infants, miscarriages, and preclampsia. Folates also help in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases caused by elevated homocysteine levels, colorectal and breast cancers, Alzheimers disease and other cognitive impairment diseases.4. To help eliminate and prevent diseases and develops caused by a deficiency in folates and folic acid, it is recommended that adults 19 days old and older consume atleast 400mcg/day of dietetical Folate Equivalent (DFE).5. Folate can be used in supplemental forms. Folate supplements come in the form of folic acid and are available in single and combination products.6. There have not been any reported adverse affects of tautological folate intake from foods. However, there are concerns with wasted levels of synthetic folic acid intake in individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency, which may lead to a condition known as megaloblastic anemia. High intake levels of folic acid in these individuals leads to a correction of the anemia, without correcting the netherlying vitamin B12 deficiency. Untreated vitamin B12 deficiency puts those at an increased take chances of developing permanent neurological brain damage.Fluoride1. Fluoride is used in our body to harden tooth enamel and stabilize bone mineralization.2. The biggest condition related to a fluoride deficiency is the increased risk of developing dental cavities and tooth decay.3. Adequate intake of fluoride is useful in the prevention of dental cavities and tooth decay by enhancing remineralization of tooth enamel and making teeth more immune to demineralization. It has also been found to be useful in the prevention of osteoporosis when consumed at levels higher than that of recommended levels for tooth decay prevention.4. Osteoporosis can be eliminated with very-high dosages of fluoride. It has been shown to produce large increases in bone mineral density in the vertebrae of the lumbar spine.5. Fluoride supplements are provided available by prescription. They are only intended for children who reside in areas with low body of water fluoride concentrations. It is given to them for the purpose of increasing their fluoride intake to or so 1mg/day.6. High fluoride intake (for the treatment of osteoporosis) is associated with the side set up of gastrointestinal irritation, joint pain in humble extremities, and the possible development of calcium deficiency, which leads to stress fractures. stabbing fluoride poisoning is especially possible in children when consumed in excess through fluoride fortified products. Skeletal fluorosis, the changing of bone structure, can occur with undue intake occurring over a long period of years. dental consonant fluorosis is also possible when given in excess to children who have not yet produced permanent teeth. yard1. jet is the most abundant positively supercharged ion contained in the fluid ins ide of cells. It is a part of an electrochemical gradient known as the tissue layer potential. It works along with sodium to maintain ion stock tickers at bottom the cell membrane that use ATP to pump out sodium in exchange for green. Potassium is also haved for a number of enzymes that require it for activation.2. The biggest disorder related to cat valium deficiency is hypokalemia, which results from excessive loss of kB through occurrences such as prolonged vomiting, diuretic usage, some kidney diseases, or metabolic disturbances. Hypokalemia symptoms include fatigue, muscle cramps, muscle weakness, and gastrointestinal problems related to intestinal paralysis.3. Diseases that may be prevented with adequate potassium intake are stroke, osteoporosis, and kidney stones.4. Potassium intake has been shown to help in the treatment of high blood pressure when consumed through a diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables.5. Supplements containing potassium contain no more than 99mg per serving. Higher dosages are prescribed for the treatment and prevention of hypokalemia and potassium depletion, and should only be used under the guidance of a medical professional. Potassium supplements are available in many forms, including potassium chloride, gluconate,bicarbonate, and citrate.6. The most common side effect caused by potassium supplementation is gastrointestinal problems. This reaction includes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort. These sides effects may be avoided by consuming potassium supplements with a meal. Using potassium chloride tablets coated with enteric has also reportedly lead to intestinal ulceration.